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元件指南
VectorBuilder提供了许多常用的载体元件，可供用户在设计载体时进行选择。下表按类型提供了这些常用元件的详细信息。
哺乳动物广泛性启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMV | Human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter | Strong promoter; may have variable strength in some cell types. | 589 bp | View |
| CMV+intron | Human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter fused with the splicing signal from the human beta-globin intron 2 | Strong promoter; may have variable strength in some cell types; presence of the beta-globin intron facilitates the nuclear export of mRNA by splicing and is predicted to enhance gene expression in eukaryotes. | 1242 bp | View |
| EF1A | Human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α1 promoter | Strong promoter. | 1179 bp | View |
| EFS | Human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α1 short form | Medium-strength promoter. | 232 bp | View |
| CAG | CMV early enhancer fused to modified chicken β-actin promoter | Strong promoter. | 1733 bp | View |
| CBh | CMV early enhancer fused to modified chicken β-actin promoter | Strong promoter. | 798 bp | View |
| CBA | CMV early enhancer fused to chicken β-actin promoter and SV40 intron | Strong promoter. | 850 bp | View |
| SFFV | Spleen focus-forming virus promoter | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression, particularly in cell types of the myeloid lineage. | 500 bp | View |
| MSCV | Murine embryonic stem cell virus promoter including the enhancer and promoter region of PCMV virus and 5' untranslated region of dl-587rev retrovirus | Medium-strength promoter; drives gene expression in most murine or human ES cell lines and other mammalian cell lines. | 515 bp | View |
| MNDU3 | The U3 region from the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) LTR with the negative control region (NCR) removed | Medium-strength promoter; drives retroviral vector gene expression in most murine or human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines, embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and other mammalian cell lines. | 548 bp | View |
| SV40 | Simian virus 40 enhancer/early promoter | Medium-strength promoter. | 344 bp | View |
| mPGK | Mouse phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter | Medium-strength promoter. | 511 bp | View |
| hPGK | Human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 promoter | Medium-strength promoter. | 505 bp | View |
| UBC | Human ubiquitin C promoter | Weak promoter. | 1178 bp | View |
注意
:
- CAG and CBh promoters contain different versions of modified chicken β-actin promoter.
哺乳动物组织特异性启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanog | Mouse nanog promoter | Embryonic inner cell mass | Pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells | 1334 bp | View |
| Nes | Rat nestin intron 2 enhancer fused to mouse Hsp68 minimal promoter | Nervous system at embryonic stage | Neural stem/progenitor cells | 1566 bp | View |
| Tuba1a | Rat α1A tubulin promoter | Nervous systems at embryonic and early postnatal stages | Developing neurons but not astrocytes or oligodendrocytes | 1121 bp | View |
| Camk2a(long) | Mouse α-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II promoter (8 kb) | Forebrain | CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus | 8023 bp | View |
| Camk2a(short) | Mouse α-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II promoter (1.3 kb) | Brain | Pyramidal neurons | 1337 bp | View |
| SYN1 | Human synapsin I promoter | Brain | Mature neurons | 469 bp | View |
| MIR218 | Human motor-neuron specific microRNA-218 promoter | Spinal cord | Motor neurons | 908 bp | View |
| Hb9 | Mouse Hb9 enhancer fused to mouse Hsp68 minimal promoter | Spinal cord | Motor neurons | 4003 bp | View |
| Th | Mouse tyrosine hydroxylase promoter | Brain | Dopaminergic neurons | 3015 bp | View |
| Thy1 | Mouse thymus cell antigen 1 promoter | Brain | Neurons | 2888 bp | View |
| NSE | Rat neuron-specific enolase promoter | Nervous system | Various neurons | 1807 bp | View |
| GFAP(long) | Human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (2.1 kb) | Brain | Astrocytes | 2178 bp | View |
| GFAP(short) | Human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (0.68 kb) | Brain | Astrocytes | 681 bp | View |
| Iba1 | Mouse ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 promoter | Brain | Microglia | 1889 bp | View |
| ProA1 | Mouse Gnat2 promoter | Retina | Cone photoreceptor | 2000 bp | View |
| ProA7 | Mouse Gnat2 promoter (0.5 kb) | Retina | Cone photoreceptor in non-human primate | 500 bp | View |
| hRHO | Human rhodopsin promoter | Retina | Rod photoreceptor | 839 bp | View |
| hBEST1 | Human bestrophin 1 promoter | Retina | RPE | 623 bp | View |
| Grm6 | A 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse metabotropic glutamate receptor 6) fused to a basal SV40 promoter (0.4 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells | 403 bp | View |
| Grm6(short) | A 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse glutamate metabotropic receptor 6) fused to a 500-bp mGluR6 promoter (0.7 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells | 700 bp | View |
| Grm6(long) | Intron 4, 3, and a 200-bp enhancer of mGluR6 (mouse glutamate metabotropic receptor 6) fused to a 500-bp mGluR6 promoter (2.2 kb) | Retina | ON-bipolar cells | 2197 bp | View |
| Prnp | Mouse prion protein promoter | Brain, hippocampus, cerebellum, retina | Various CNS neurons | 8365 bp | View |
| Cnp | Mouse 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase promoter | Nervous systems, testis and thymus | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells | 3046 bp | View |
| K14 | Human keratin 14 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes | 2268 bp | View |
| K19 | Mouse keratin 19 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes | 2026 bp | View |
| BK5 | Bovine keratin 5 promoter | Epidermis | Keratinocytes | 5200 bp | View |
| mTyr | Mouse tyrosinase promoter and enhancer | Epidermis | Melanocytes and melanoma cells | 560 bp | View |
| cTnT | Chicken cardiac troponin T promoter | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | 413 bp | View |
| αMHC(long) | Mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (5.4 kb) | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | 5464 bp | View |
| αMHC(short) | Mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (2.8 kb) | Heart | Cardiomyocytes | 2833 bp | View |
| Myog | Mouse myogenin promoter | Muscle | Myoblasts | 1139 bp | View |
| ACTA1 | Human skeletal muscle actin α1 promoter | Muscle | Myocytes | 2162 bp | View |
| MHCK7 | Composed of enhancer/promoter regions of murine muscle creatine kinase (MCK) and enhancer region of α-myosin heavy-chain genes | Mouse skeletal and heart muscles | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells | 771 bp | View |
| CK8e | Muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter with deletion of poorly conserved regions | Mouse skeletal and heart muscle | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells | 450 bp | View |
| SPc5-12 | Synthetic promoter c5-12 containing a combination of muscle specific transcription factor binding sites SRE, MEF-1, MEF-2 and TEF-1 | Mouse skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle | Differentiated postmitotic striated muscle cells | 345 bp | View |
| SM22a | Mouse transgelin (a.k.a. Sm22a) promoter | Adult smooth muscle | Vascular smooth muscle cells | 2960 bp | View |
| EnSM22a | The chimeric vascular smooth muscle-specific enhancer/promoter (The rabbit myosin heavy-chain enhancer inserted upstream of a truncated mouse SM22a promoter) | Adult smooth muscle | Vascular smooth muscle cells | 594 bp | View |
| Runx2 | Mouse runt related transcription factor 2 promoter | Bone | Early osteoblasts | 2514 bp | View |
| OC | Human osteocalcin promoter | Bone and cartilage | Osteoblasts, osteocytes and hypertrophic chondrocytes | 2141 bp | View |
| Col1a1 | Rat collagen type I α1 promoter | Bone, tooth and tendon | Osteoblasts and fibroblasts | 3632 bp | View |
| Col2a1 | Mouse collagen type II α1 promoter | Cartilage | Chondrocytes | 1033 bp | View |
| aP2 | Rat adipocyte P2 promoter | Fat | Adipocytes | 3708 bp | View |
| Adipoq | Mouse adiponectin promoter | Fat | Adipocytes | 5411 bp | View |
| Tie1 | Mouse tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 promoter | Blood vessel | Endothelial cells | 1142 bp | View |
| Cd144 | Mouse cadherin 5 (a.k.a. VE-Cadherin) promoter | Blood vessels | Vascular endothelial cells | 2510 bp | View |
| CD68(short) | Human CD68 promoter, short, recommended for in vitro use | Blood | Monocytes and macrophages | 659 bp | View |
| CD68(long) | Human CD68 promoter, long, recommended for in vivo use | Blood | Monocytes and macrophages | 3079 bp | View |
| CD11b | Human integrin subunit alpha M promoter | Bone marrow | Mature myeloid cell lines (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) | 1795 bp | View |
| Afp | Mouse α-fetoprotein enhancer II fused with human beta globin promoter | Liver | Hepatocytes | 2810 bp | View |
| Alb | Mouse albumin promoter | Liver | Mature hepatocytes | 2336 bp | View |
| TBG | Human thyroxine-binding globulin promoter | Liver | Hepatocytes | 460 bp | View |
| TBG+intron | Human alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin enhancer and thyroxine-binding globulin hybrid promoter fused to a chimeric intron (SD site from a human β-globin intron and SA site from an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region intron) | Liver | Hepatocytes | 882 bp | View |
| MMTV | Mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (LTR) | Mammary gland | Ductal cells of the salivary gland, mammary epithelial cells | 1315 bp | View |
| Wap | Mouse whey acidic protein promoter | Mammary gland | Alveolar epithelial cells of mammary tissue | 2444 bp | View |
| HIP | Human insulin promoter | Pancreas | β cells | 1867 bp | View |
| Pdx1 | Mouse pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 promoter | Embryonic developing pancreas and adult pancreatic islets | Pancreatic progenitor cells and pancreatic β cells | 2930 bp | View |
| Ins2 | Rat insulin 2 promoter | Pancreas | Pancreatic β cells | 705 bp | View |
| Hcn4 | Mouse hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4 promoter | Embryonic heart | Cardiomyocytes | 2780 bp | View |
| NPHS2 | Human podocin promoter | Kidney | Podocytes | 2589 bp | View |
| SPB | Human surfactant protein B promoter | Lung | AT II cells (alveolar type II epithelial cells) and Clara cells (bronchiolar epithelial cells) | 635 bp | View |
| CD144 | Human cadherin 5 (a.k.a. VE-Cadherin) promoter | Lung, heart, ovary, spleen and kidney glomeruli | Vascular endothelial cells | 1559 bp | View |
| TERT | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter | Tumor | Immortalized and cancer cells | 455 bp | View |
| Survivin(short) | Human survivin gene promoter (269 bp) | Tumor | Cancer cells | 269 bp | View |
| Survivin(long) | Human survivin gene promoter (987 bp) | Tumor | Cancer cells | 987 bp | View |
哺乳动物诱导型启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRE | Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (2nd generation) | Regulated by a class of transcription factors (e.g. tTA, rtTA and tTS) whose activities are dependent on tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). | 424 bp | View |
| TRE3G | Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (3rd generation) | Bound by transactivator Tet3G in the presence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). | 376 bp | View |
| {5HRE/miniCMV} | 311 bp | View |
哺乳动物最小启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hsp68 | Mouse heat-shock protein 68 minimal promoter | Strong core promoter; suitable for driving gene expression in vivo. | 873 bp | View |
| miniCMV | Human cytomegalovirus minimal promoter | Weak basal activity | 56 bp | View |
| minP | Synthetic minimal promoter composed of TATA box and transcription start site | Basal activity weaker than miniCMV | 31 bp | View |
| SCP1 | Super core promoter 1 minimal promoter, synthetic core promoter | Basal activity stronger than miniCMV but weaker than Hsp68 | 81 bp | View |
哺乳动物Pol III启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hU6 | Human U6 small nuclear 1 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | 249 bp | View |
| mU6 | Mouse U6 small nuclear 1 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | 315 bp | View |
| macU6 | Crab-eating macaque U6 small nuclear 1 promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | 248 bp | View |
| 7SK | Human 7SK small nuclear RNA promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | 243 bp 243 bp | Ver 1 Ver 2 |
斑马鱼广泛性表达启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sCMV | Simian cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter | Strong promoter; can function in Xenopus, zebrafish, mouse and human. | 997 bp | View |
| bactin2 | Zebrafish cytoskeletal beta-actin promoter | Strong promoter. | 5307 bp | View |
| Ubi | Zebrafish ubiquitin (ubi) promoter | Ubiquitous and constitutive promoter. | 3483 bp | View |
斑马鱼组织特异性启动子
斑马鱼诱导型启动子
果蝇广泛性表达启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| actin5C | The distal promoter of cytoskeletal actin 5C gene of Drosophila melanogaster, controlling synthesis of actin in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner | Strong promoter | 2432 bp | View |
| Polyubiquitin | Promoter of polyubiquitin gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Strong promoter | 1819 bp | View |
| a1tubulin | Promoter of α1-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Medium-strength promoter | 2592 bp | View |
果蝇组织特异性启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rh2 | Promoter of Rh2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster | Ocelli | Ocellar photoreceptor cells | 480 bp | View |
果蝇诱导型启动子
果蝇Pol III启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U6-1 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-1 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives intermediate expression level of small RNAs. | 796 bp | View |
| U6-2 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-2 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives lowest expression level of small RNAs. | 400 bp | View |
| U6-3 | U6 small nuclear RNA gene promoter U6-3 of Drosophila melanogaster | Pol III promoter; drives strongest expression level of small RNAs. | 414 bp | View |
线虫广泛性启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eft-3 | C. elegans translation elongation factor 1-α promoter | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression in somatic cells. | 608 bp | View |
| pie-1 | C. elegans pharynx and intestine in excess protein 1 promoter lacking repetitive sequences | Strong promoter; drives high levels of gene expression in all germ cells from the late L1 stage to the adult stage. | 1106 bp | View |
| CeU6 | C. elegans R07E5.16 U6 snRNA promoter | Pol III promoter; drives expression of small RNAs. | 350 bp | View |
线虫组织特异性启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Tissue Specificity | Cell Type Specificity | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spe-11 | C. elegans spermatocyte protein spe-11 promoter | / | Sperm | 276 bp | View |
| myo-2 | C. elegans myosin-2 promoter | / | Pharyngeal muscle cells | 976 bp | View |
| myo-3 | C. elegans myosin-3 promoter | / | Body muscle cells | 2500 bp | View |
| rab-3 | C. elegans ras-related protein Rab-3 promoter | Nervous system | Pan-neuronal | 1207 bp | View |
线虫诱导型启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsp16-2 | C. elegans heat shock protein Hsp-16.2 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter in most somatic cells. | 400 bp | View |
| hsp16-48 | C. elegans heat shock protein Hsp-16.48 promoter | Strong and heat-shock inducible promoter in somatic cells and germline. | 378 bp | View |
酵母组成型启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEF1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha promoter | Strong promoter. | 414 bp | View |
| GPD | Saccharomyces cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter | Strong promoter. | 650 bp | View |
| ADH1(short) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter (stronger than ADH1(medium) and ADH1(long)). | 397 bp | View |
| ADH1(medium) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter (stronger than ADH1(long)). | 707 bp | View |
| ADH1(long) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase promoter | Weak promoter. | 1452 bp | View |
| GAP | Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from Pichia pastoris | Strong constitutive promoter. | 486 bp | View |
酵母诱导型启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAL1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase promoter | Repressed in the presence of glucose; induced in the presence of galactose. | 451 bp | View |
| MET17 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae O-acetyl homoserine-O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase promoter; aka MET25 and MET15 | Repressed in the presence of methionine. | 384 bp | View |
| CUP1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein promoter | Induced in the presence of copper. | 464 bp | View |
| AOX1 | Methanol-induced alcohol oxidase 1 promoter from Pichia pastoris | Maximally induced during growth on methanol and fully repressed during growth on glucose or glycerol. | 941 bp | View |
植物组成型启动子
| 姓名 | 描述 | Application Notes | Length | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaMV35S(short) | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (short) | Strong constitutive promoter, drives high-level gene expression in dicot plants but is less effective in monocots. | 346 bp | View |
| CaMV35S(long) | Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (long) | Strong promoter. | 835 bp | View |
| CaMV35S(enhanced) | A chimeric promoter with the doubled CaMV 35S enhancer element | Strong promoter. | 754 bp | View |
| Nos | Agrobacterium nopaline synthase promoter | Weaker promoter compared to CaMV 35S promoter. | 299 bp | View |
| ZmUbi | Maize ubiquitin promoter | Strong constitutive promoter, drives high-level gene expression in monocots. | 1993 bp | View |
