溶液稀释计算器

Molarity and dilution

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution and is expressed in units of moles per liter (M). A stock solution is a concentrated solution prepared to a high molarity. Researchers often prepare stock solutions to conserve space and resources, as these concentrated solutions can be stored for long periods and diluted as needed to make working solutions.

The formula 𝐶₁𝑉₁ = 𝐶₂𝑉₂ can be used to determine the volume of stock solution needed to achieve a desired final concentration and volume of a working solution. Where 𝐶₁ is the stock concentration, 𝑉₁ ​is the volume of the stock solution required, 𝐶₂​ is the desired concentration, and 𝑉₂​ is the final volume of the working solution. This equation can be arranged as below to determine the amount of stock solution required to prepare a working solution at a given volume and concentration.

Serial dilutions

Serial dilution is a step-wise dilution of a solution by a select factor. Serial dilutions are used for analytical purposes and in addition are a method to easily dilute a highly concentrated solution. Most serial dilutions are performed by a dilution factor of 10; for instance, 100 ul of stock solution is added to 900 ul of solvent followed by mixing and subsequent repeats of this dilution until the desired molarity is achieved.

Figure 2. Example preparation of a serial dilution with a dilution factor of 10.

To calculate the weight of a substance needed to prepare a stock solution or a working solution directly, use VectorBuilder’s Molarity Calculator.